********** FIN
3030 Week-1 Asignment-1 DQ **************
Question-1
The separation of ownership and control is often a subject
of concern for financial managers. Management decisions are sometimes not
acceptable to shareholders. This, in turn, raises conflicts. These conflicts
are called agency problems.
For example, a chief executive officer (CEO) may spend a considerable amount of the organization's capital on artwork to decorate the office premises. The shareholders may raise the concern that their investment has been inappropriately invested as decorating the office premises will not yield any financial benefits.
Provide at least two more examples of agency problems. Why does such a conflict develop? Are such conflicts more likely to occur in smaller or larger organizations? Why? What can be done to decrease the likelihood of these conflicts?
For example, a chief executive officer (CEO) may spend a considerable amount of the organization's capital on artwork to decorate the office premises. The shareholders may raise the concern that their investment has been inappropriately invested as decorating the office premises will not yield any financial benefits.
Provide at least two more examples of agency problems. Why does such a conflict develop? Are such conflicts more likely to occur in smaller or larger organizations? Why? What can be done to decrease the likelihood of these conflicts?
Question-2
What are some of the problems related to financial ratio
analysis? How can these problems be rectified?
Justify your answers using examples and reasoning.
************ FIN 3030 Week-1 Assignment-3 ************
1. Future
Value. What is the future value of
|
a. $572
invested for 5 years at 15 percent compounded annually?
|
b. $449
invested for 15 years at 14 percent compounded annually?
|
c. $270 invested
for 7 years at 6 percent compounded annually?
|
d. $1177
invested for 3 years at 13 percent compounded annually?
|
2. Present
Value. What is the present value of
|
a. $592 to be
received 8 years from now at a 14 percent discount rate?
|
b. $1167 to
be received 7 years from now at a 12 percent discount rate?
|
c. $1155 to
be received 12 years from now at a 14 percent discount rate?
|
d. $784 to be
received 14 years from now at a 5 percent discount rate?
|
3. Future
Value of an Annuity. What is the future value of
|
a. $1176 a
year for 13 years at 13 percent compounded annually?
|
b. $663 a
year for 10 years at 13 percent compounded annually?
|
c. $360 a
year for 8 years at 7 percent compounded annually?
|
d. $338 a
year for 11 years at 14 percent compounded annually?
|
4. Present
Value of an Annuity. What is the present value of
|
a. $387 a
year for 5 years at a 9 percent discount rate?
|
b. $798 a
year for 13 years at a 11 percent discount rate?
|
c. $754 a
year for 11 years at a 11 percent discount rate?
|
d. $550 a
year for 8 years at a 11 percent discount rate?
|
5. How many
years will it take to grow
|
a. $974 to a
value of 4,531.43 at a compound rate of 15 percent ?
|
b. $371 to a
value of 986.28 at a compound rate of 13 percent ?
|
c. $841 to a
value of 2,578.34 at a compound rate of 9 percent ?
|
d. $421 to a
value of 1,369.07 at a compound rate of 14 percent ?
|
6. Interest
Rate. At what interest rate will it take to grow
|
a. $374 to a
value of 1,051.94 over 12 years?
|
b. $640 to a
value of 1,817.23 over 10 years?
|
c. $372 to a
value of 1,623.22 over 13 years?
|
d. $527 to a
value of 2,451.81 over 11 years?
|
7. Annuity.
How many years will it take for a payment of
|
a. $687 to
grow to 9,090.91 at a compound rate of 14 percent?
|
********** FIN
3030 Week-2 Asignment-1 DQ **************
Question 3: If the cost of debt
is generally below cost of equity, why would firms want to issue equity?
Question 4: How reliable are
ratios when used to evaluate fast-growing companies? How is it used to evaluate
fast-evolving economic sectors such as Internet companies? How are ratios
helpful in evaluating turnarounds? What is the best measure of performance for
companies in cyclical sectors?
****************
FIN 3030 Week-2 Assignment 2 ******************
For each of the following find the correct equations and
solve for the cost indicated. You must
show work
1. A bond has a $1,000 par value (face value) and a contract
or coupon interior rate of 8%. A new
issue would have a flotation cost of 5% of the market value. The bonds mature
in 10 years. The firm’s average tax rate
is 28% and its marginal tax rate is 39%. The current price is $1100. What is
the after tax cost of debt?
2. A new common stock issue paid a $1.50 dividend last
year. The par value of the stock is $25,
and earnings per share have grown at a rate of 3% per year. This growth rate is expected to continue into
the foreseeable future. The company maintains a constant dividend/earnings ratio
of 40%. The price of this stock is now
$30, but 4% flotation costs are anticipated. What is the cost of new common
equity?
3. Internal common equity where the current market price of
the common stock is $45.50. The expected
dividend this coming year should be $4.00, increasing thereafter at a 6% annual
growth rate. The corporation’s tax rate is 34%. What is the cost of common
equity?
4. A preferred stock paying a 10% dividend on a $100 par
value. If a new issue is offered,
flotation costs will be 10% of the current price of $115. What is the cost of
preferred equity?
5. The capital structure for the Shelby Corporation is
provided below. The company plans to
maintain its debt structure in the future.
If the firm has a 5% after-tax cost of debt, a 12% cost of preferred
stock, and a 20% cost of common stock, what is the firm’s weighted cost of
capital?
Bonds $2,500,000
Preferred Stock
$ 350,000
Common Stock
$4,350,000
6. A bond that has a $1,000 par value (face value) and a
contract or coupon interior rate of 12%.
A new issue would have a flotation cost of 6% of the market value. The
bonds mature in 10 years. The firm’s
average tax rate is 30% and its marginal tax rate is 34%.The current price is
$989. What is after tax cost of debt?
7. A new common stock issue that paid a $1.75 dividend last
year. The par value of the stock is $15,
and earnings per share have grown at a rate of 8% per year. This growth rate is expected to continue into
the foreseeable future. The company
maintains a constant dividend/earnings ratio of 30%. The price of this stock is now $28, but 5%
flotation costs are anticipated. What is the cost of new common equity?
8. Internal common equity where the current market price of
the common stock is $43.50. The expected
dividend this coming year should be $3.25, increasing thereafter at a 7% annual
growth rate. The corporation’s tax rate is 34%. What is the cost of common
equity
9. A preferred stock paying a 10% dividend on a $125 par
value. If a new issue is offered,
flotation costs will be 12% of the current price of $150. What is the cost of
preferred equity?
10. The capital structure for the Memphis Corporation is
provided below. The company plans to
maintain its debt structure in the future.
If the firm has a 6% after-tax cost of debt, a 13.5% cost of preferred
stock, and a 19% cost of common stock, what is the firm’s weighted cost of
capital?
Capital Structure ($000)
Bonds $1,100
Preferred Stock $
250
Common Stock $3,700
************* FIN
3030 Week-3 Assignment-1 *****************
Question-1 Compare and contrast NPV, IRR, MIRR and payback.
Which method of ranking investment proposals is best and why?
Question-2 What impact does timing of the cash flows have on
your overall return? How might this impact project acceptance?
*************** FIN
3030 Week-3 Assignment-2 ********************
You will compare three projects. The following table
lists each projects initial outlay (price of the project) in year 0 (zero). The
following years are the cash inflows. All projects receive the same total cash
inflows. They differ on when the cash flows occur and the amount of the annual
cash flow You must submit your backup in Excel showing how answers were
reached. Use the formula and the financial calculator or Excel to determine:
Given three projects with the following cash flows:
Project A
|
Project B
|
Project C
|
|
Year
|
Cash Flow
|
Cash Flow
|
Cash Flow
|
0
|
-1000
|
-1000
|
-1000
|
1
|
200
|
500
|
350
|
2
|
300
|
400
|
350
|
3
|
400
|
300
|
350
|
4
|
500
|
200
|
350
|
- Find the NPV,
IRR and MIRR of each the projects with a cost of capital of 5%, 10%, and
12%.
- Determine the
payback period of each project.
- Determine the
acceptance of the projects if you have a capital budget of $3000, $2000.
and $1000.
- Compare the
timing of the cash flows of each project relative to its NPV.
- Compare how
the timing and size of the cash flows change the net present value.
********************
FIN 3030 Week-3 Assignment-3 **********************
First identify or calculate the capital spending, the
operating cash flow, the change in net working capital, and finally the free
cash flow to the firm of the project. Free Cash Flows are cash flows available
to the firm after stakeholders have been paid (interest and dividends). It is
these free cash flows that you find that are discounted at the weighted average
cost of capital to calculate the net present value and the internal rate of
return.
You will assess whether to make the investment or not.
Use your accept-reject rules for the net present value and the internal rate of
return.
Redbird, Inc. is considering an addition to its
current operations. The figures are below.
Cost of the new project
|
$3,000,000
|
Installation costs
|
$100,000
|
Estimated unit sales in year 1
|
40,000
|
Estimated unit sales in year 2
|
65,000
|
Estimated unit sales in year 3
|
35,000
|
Estimated sales price in year 1
|
$200
|
Estimated sales price in year 2
|
$200
|
Estimated sales price in year 3
|
$150
|
Variable cost per unit
|
$130
|
Annual fixed cost
|
$40,000
|
Initial working capital needed
|
$60,000
|
Additional Working capital needed
|
5 % of sales
|
Depreciation method
|
5 years straight-line method, no
salvage value
|
Redbird’s tax rate
|
40%
|
Redbird’s cost of capital
|
15%
|
- Calculate
Operating Cash Flow, change in Net Working Capital, and calculate Free
Cash Flow. Show your calculations in a Word document or an Excel
spreadsheet.
- Determine the
NPV and IRR of the project. Show your calculations in a Word document or
an Excel spreadsheet.
- Assess the
project. Be sure to state the basis upon which you made your option
choices. You should prepare a one-page executive summary of your findings,
with 3–5 pages of supporting analysis.
- You must
submit your backup in Excel or other supporting documentation showing how
answers were reached.
************* FIN
3030 Week-4 Assignment-1 DB
*************************
Question-3 Discuss the relationship
between business risk, financial risk, and beta (systematic or market risk).
Question 4: Explain why certain shareholders would
have a preference on receiving dividends and on the amount of the dividend.
***************** FIN 3030 Week-4 Assignment-2
************************
Assume that a firm has the following Income Statement
Use this data to determine the business risk and the financial risk as measured
by the degree of operating leverage and the degree of financial leverage,
respectively. Also, determine the combined leverage as found with the degree of
combined leverage. Utilize these risk measures to see the affect of a change in
sales.
Income Statement
|
December 31, Year 1
|
Sales ($34/unit)
|
$34,000,000
|
Variable Cost ($20/unit)
|
$20,000,000
|
Fixed Cost
|
$10,000,000
|
EBIT
|
$4,000,000
|
Interest Expense
|
$120,000
|
EBT
|
$3,880,000
|
Taxes (40%)
|
$1,552,000
|
Net Income
|
$2,328,000
|
- Calculate the
DOL.
- Calculate the
DFL.
- Determine the
DCL
- If sales
increased by 20% determine the change in EBIT and the change in EPS.
- You must
submit your backup in Excel or other supporting documentation showing how
answers were reached.
****************
FIN 3030 Week-4 Assignment-3
**************************
This part of the project is to analyze the following
capital structure plans. You will use the EBIT-EPS analysis to evaluate the two
plans. One plan is all equity and one has debt and equity.
Plan
|
Plan 1: All Equity
|
Plan 2: Some Debt
|
Shares of Equity
|
80,000
|
50,000
|
Debt
|
0
|
$2,000,000
|
Cost of debt
|
0
|
12%
|
Interest Expense
|
0
|
$240,000
|
Tax Rate
|
34%
|
34%
|
- Determine the
EBIT indifference point
- Discuss the
implications of EBIT above and below this point
- You must
submit your backup in Excel or other supporting documentation showing how
answers were reached.
*********************
FIN 3030 Week-5 Assignment-1
**********************
Question
2: Discuss the optimal
amount of accounts receivables relative to the cost and benefits.
Question
3: Compare and contrast the impact of supply
chain management on working capital needs.
******************* FIN 3030 Week-5 Assignment-2
*******************
1.
Cash Cycles: Go the internet and select an
automobile manufacturing company (e.g. Ford, Toyota, Hyundai, etc.) Find its
most recent quarterly income statement and balance sheet.
a.
Determine its Cash Cycle
b.
Evaluate its Cash Cycle.
2.
EOQ: Lilly’s Manufacturing needs fastener supplies
to manufacture its products. The CFO estimates that the company will need about
200,000 cases next year. The cost of storing cases is about $0.90. The ordering
cost is $500 for a shipment.
a.
Determine the EOQ.
b.
How many times will you order?
c.
What would be the total costs for ordering the
cases 1, 6, and 12 times per year?
d.
What questionable assumptions are being made by
the EOQ model?
************ FIN 3030 Week-5 Assignment-3 *****************
Of Redbird’s sales, 20% is
for cash, another 60% is collected in the month following sale, and 20 percent
is collected in the second month following sale. November and December sales
for 20X1 were $220,000 and $175,000, respectively.
Redbird purchases its raw
materials two months in advance of its sales equal to 70% of its final sales
price. The supplier is paid one month after it makes delivery. For example,
purchases for April sales are made in February, and payment is made in March.
In addition, Redbird pays
$10,000 per month for rent and $20,000 each month for other expenditures. Tax
prepayments for $23,000 are made each quarter beginning in March.
The company’s cash balance
at December 31, 20X1, was $22,000; a minimum balance of $20,000 must be
maintained at all times. Assume that any short-term financing needed to
maintain cash balance would be paid off in the month following the month of
financing if sufficient funds are available. Interest on short-term loans (12%)
is paid monthly. Borrowing to meet estimated monthly cash needs takes place at
the beginning of the month. Thus, if in the month of April the firm expects to
have a need for an additional $60,500, these funds would be borrowed at the
beginning of April with interest of $605 (.12 x 1/12 x $60,500) owed for April
and paid at the beginning of May.
January
|
$100,000
|
May
|
$275,000
|
February
|
$110,000
|
June
|
$250,000
|
March
|
$130,000
|
July
|
$235,000
|
April
|
$250,000
|
August
|
$160,000
|
- Prepare a cash budget for Redbird covering the first seven months
of 2010.
- They have $100,000 in notes payable due in July that must be
repaid, or an extension renegotiated. Will they be able to pay off the
notes?
- What are the external funding needs, or how much can they pay
back?
***************** FIN 3030 Week-6 Assignment-1 **********************
Question
1: Discuss strengths and weakness of the percent of sales method.
Question
2: Discuss the effects on the breakeven of what happens during a business
cycle: falling and rising sales and costs.
***********************
FIN 3030 Week-6 Assignment-2 ********************
Orange Company is
evaluating its financing requirements for the coming year. The firm has been in
business for only three years, and the firm’s chief financial officer (Erica
Stevens) predicts that the firm’s operating expenses, current assets, and
current liabilities will remain at their current proportion of sales.
Last year Orange had $20
million in sales with net income of $1 million. The firm anticipates that next
year’s sales will reach $27 million with net income rising to $2 million. Given
its present high rate of growth, the firm retains all its earnings to help
defray the cost of new investments.
The firm’s balance sheet
for the year just ended is found below:
12/31/09
|
% of Sales
|
|
Current assets
|
$4,000,000
|
20%
|
Net fixed assets
|
8,000,000
|
40%
|
Total Assets
|
$12,000,000
|
|
Accounts payable
|
$3,000,000
|
15%
|
Long-term debt
|
2,000,000
|
NA
|
Total Liabilities
|
$5,000,000
|
|
Common stock
|
1,000,000
|
NA
|
Paid-in capital
|
1,800,000
|
NA
|
Retained earnings
|
4,200,000
|
NA
|
Total Equity
|
7,000,000
|
NA
|
Total Liability & Equity
|
$12,000,000
|
|
- Estimate Orange’s total financing requirements for 2010 and its
net funding requirements.
- Orange Company is considering manufacturing communication
equipment for the military. The average selling price of its finished
product is $175 per unit. The variable cost for these same units is $140
per unit. This project incurs fixed costs of $550,000 per year.
- What is the break-even point in units for the project?
- What is the dollar sales volume the firm must achieve to reach
the break-even point?
- What would be the firm’s profit or loss at the following units of
production sold: 12,000 units? 15,000 units? 20,000 units?
