Exam: 405464RR - HUMAN DEVELOPMENT 1. Early childhood professionals utilize knowledge of stages of development to do all of the following except A. evaluate progress. B. design instruction and implement interventions. C. stereotype children's development. D. communicate with parents. 2. While theorist's have widely varying views of language development, there's general agreement in the field of linguistics that A. the ability to learn language is learned. B. children from different cultures have different patterns of language development. C. the ability to learn language is innate. D. children generally use words before they understand the meanings of those words. 3. The cephalo-caudal pattern of development is the sequence of motor skills in which control A. occurs upward from the feet to the head. B. occurs progressively downward from head and neck, to the trunk, hips and legs, and finally to the feet and toes. C. is initially concentrated on large muscle groups (walking) and then on small muscle groups (writing). D. progresses from the center of the body outward toward the extremities. 4. Jane first started to babble today, while playing with a toy on the floor. Approximately how old is she most likely to be? A. 4 months B. 7 months C. 5 months D. 9 months 5. Major indexes of development are known as A. developmental milestones. B. ranges of normalcy. C. stereotypes. D. ranges of reactions. 6. Which of the following is the best term for the age periods during which 98% of children achieve the motor milestones and are considered inclusive of normal variations that account for ethnic and cultural influences? A. International standards B. Developmental mastery levels C. Domains of early motor development D. Windows of achievement 7. One period of prenatal development is known as the fetal stage. During this time, A. following conception, the fertilized egg travels down the fallopian tube and eventually attaches to the wall of the uterus. B. the egg is fertilized. C. beginning in the third week of pregnancy, cell differentiation produces a central nervous system, digestive system, and a circulatory system. D. beginning in the ninth week and lasting through the ninth month, each system undergoes rapid growth and increasing complexity. 8. At what age do children begin to follow simple instructions without gestures? A. 3 years B. 24 months C. 18 months D. 12 months 9. Typically developing children who acquire developmental skills slightly earlier or later than the norm would be considered A. accelerated. B. autistic. C. delayed. D. normal. 10. One stage of prenatal development is known as the embryo. During this time, A. the egg is fertilized. B. following conception, the fertilized egg travels down the fallopian tube and eventually attaches to the wall of the uterus. C. beginning in the ninth week and lasting through the ninth month, each system undergoes rapid growth and increasing complexity. D. beginning in the third week of pregnancy, cell differentiation produces a central nervous system, digestive system, and a circulatory system. 11. Which of the following is the correct order of typical emergence of grasping? A. Palmer, fine pincer, prehensile B. Prehensile, palmer, fine pincer C. Prehensile, fine pincer, palmer D. Palmer, prehensile, fine pincer 12. One stage of prenatal development is known as the ovum. During this time, A. hair and nails begin to grow. B. following conception, the fertilized egg travels down the fallopian tube and eventually attaches to the wall of the uterus. C. beginning in the third week of pregnancy, cell differentiation produces a central nervous system, digestive system, and a circulatory system. D. beginning in the ninth week and lasting through the ninth month, each system undergoes rapid growth and increasing complexity. 13. Which of the following is a correct statement about a child's phonological abilities and cross-cultural sounds? A. The turning point for understanding complex language appears to be about two months. B. The key to neurological language development appears to be socialization. C. Infants who are able to produce all sounds for a longer period are more precocious. D. Infants' phonological production is limited to the sounds of their native language. 14. Jed was born with a congenital heart defect that results in a weak pulse. His mother is constantly worried about his health. Which of the following is the most sound basis for her concern? A. The heart provides the body with carbon dioxide, necessary for cell function. B. The weakened heart may not provide adequate pressure to circulate blood throughout Jed's body. C. Jed's heart doesn't circulate blood through the lungs. D. Jed's heart will fail to function properly if he plays hard. 15. The embryonic period of development is the most vulnerable because any women A. tend to have morning sickness. B. work full time, and physical exertion is dangerous to the fetus. C. are unaware they're pregnant and may engage in behaviors dangerous to the fetus. D. are sleep deprived, and the fetus doesn't have enough time to rest. 16. Which of the following is a correct statement about a neonate? A. A neonate is an infant less than 30 days of age. B. A neonate is a stage of gestational development. C. A neonate is a grown child. D. A neonate is a toddler. 17. Which of the following is a correct statement about the amniotic sac? A. The amniotic sac is the cord that joins the bloodstream of the embryo at the child's abdomen to the bloodstream of the mother via the uterine lining. B. The amniotic sac is a bag, made pliable by encapsulated fluid, which protects the vulnerable embryo from physical shocks. C. The amniotic sac is not necessary for the fetus to survive. D. The amniotic sac is a fleshy mass made up of villi or projectiles, which insert themselves into the lining of the uterus. 18. Which of the following is a correct statement about maturation? A. Maturation is physical growth, as opposed to cognitive development. B. Maturation is remaining healthy despite growing old. C. Maturation is a sequence of biological changes. D. Maturation is one's ability to express a succinct opinion. 19. Which of the following is true of Sarah, who is small but unusually thin (less than fifth percentile) and has feeding difficulty? A. This ratio is likely to remain static all her life. B. Her weight deviance requires immediate nutritional intervention. C. She is likely to develop along the same pattern as other children who have the same body type at her age. D. This deviation may be genetic. 20. Imitation isn't only a fun and engaging behavior, it's also an important developmental skill that becomes increasingly complex as children mature. What cognitive ability is inferred when children engage in imitation? A. Sensory abilities of sight and touch B. Information is being stored in the brain C. Problem solving processes are accelerating D. An emotional bond between caregiver and child 21. Newborn behaviors such as crying and rooting are largely A. reflexive or involuntary. B. learned behaviors. C. voluntary. D. developmental milestones. 22. Which of the following is a correct statement about normal development? A. Normal development is unpredictable. B. Normal development is never the same. C. Normal development is always the same for all children regardless of race, gender, or ethnicity. D. Normal development is a sequence of changes across time that's similar for all children. 23. A caregiver says, "That bug is a giant!" At what age would young children most likely be able to understand that sentence? A. 3 years B. 2 years C. 4 years D. 12 months 24. In a rural area of an undeveloped country, a newborn is born with lungs that aren't fully developed, and the chances of survival are limited. In the absence of adequate medical intervention, what is the most probable consequence? A. There would be a toxic build-up of waste products in the intestines. B. There would be a surplus of growth hormones. C. The child wouldn't be able to exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide. End of exam D. The child would die of lack of nutrition. 25. Fetal malnutrition can lead to A. baby acne. B. deficits in brain weight. C. fat babies. D. skinny baby syndrome. 26. At what age do children generally begin to babble using C-V combination sounds? A. 12 months B. 1 month C. 4 months D. 6 months 27. Which of the following is the best description of plasticity? A. Brain spasms B. The development of uncoordinated muscle activity C. Sufficiently warm clothing D. The development of alternate neural pathways 28. Justine cruises around furniture and transfers from one piece of furniture to the next by taking one step. She has taken one or two steps independently. How old should you guess her to be? A. 4 months B. 12 months C. 18 months D. 6 months 29. Which of the following represents our current knowledge and beliefs about human patterns of physical and behavioral development? A. Developmental milestones describe a sequence of steps though which children progress, but this sequence isn't universal. B. Today, developmentalists believe infants play a passive, unintentional, role in their own development. C. There's no evidence to suggest that the need for social attachment is a biological drive. D. Young infants are capable of learning new behaviors, solving problems, and adapting to changes in their environment. 30. As children's neurological systems mature, they move from primary reflexive behavior to cortical control, which requires A. myelinization. B. growth in the number of new cells in the brain that have different roles than the old ones have. C. negativism. D. replacement of reflex neurons with more sophisticated neurons.  |
