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Exam: 405465RR - DEVELOPMENTAL RISKS AND NEUROLOGICAL . 1. Which of the following terms describes children characterized by inattention, impulsivity, hyperactivity, and poor delay of response? A. Xerosis B. Cerebral palsy C. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder D. Epilepsy 2. Riley has fetal alcohol syndrome. During which period did the cause of this disability occur? A. Prenatal B. Postnatal C. Natal D. Neonatal 3. Which of the following is a correct statement about hypoxic-ischemic brain injury? A. Hypoxic-ischemic brain injury is caused by decreased oxygen levels to the brain cells, leading to cell death. B. Hypoxic-ischemic brain injury is respiratory arrest caused by lung tissue damage. C. Hypoxic-ischemic brain injury is caused by neurological impulses to the muscles that become overstimulated. D. Hypoxic-ischemic brain injury is a lack of oxygen to the muscle cells, leading to hypotonia and mental retardation. 4. Measures taken to decrease the incidence of retinopathy of prematurity include A. retina transplants. B. increasing use of artificial surfactant. C. maintaining blood sugar levels. D. minimizing oxygen supplement. 5. Each seizure has the potential for A. damaging the heart muscle. B. triggering breath-holding. C. increasing behavior problems. D. causing further brain injury due to depletion of neurological metabolites. 6. When the placenta separates form the wall of the uterus early, decreasing the supply of oxygen and nutrients to the fetus, this problem is diagnosed as A. abruptio placenta. B. placenta previa. C. toxemia of pregnancy. D. Rh sensitization. 7. A child with cerebral palsy who is independent caring for physical needs, has potential to improve motor and perceptual skills with therapy, but also has the potential for regression in these areas, is said to have A. a severe handicap. B. a mild handicap. C. a moderate handicap. D. collateral damage. 8. An elevation of maternal blood pressure during pregnancy can reduce blood flow to the uterus and placenta and result in growth retardation of an infant. The name given to this condition is A. placenta previa. B. Rh sensitization. C. abruptio placenta. D. toxemia of pregnancy. 9. A child with cerebral palsy who has some independence caring for physical needs, has functional head control, has deformities, and difficulty achieving academic and age-appropriate motor skills, is said to have A. a severe handicap. B. a mild handicap. C. collateral damage. D. a moderate handicap. 10. Which of the following is not a good suggestion for intervention with children with ADHD? A. Limit physical punishment. B. Establish a daily schedule. C. Don't force children with ADHD to go to bed. D. Allow the children to watch TV to calm them down. 11. Research conducted on women who smoke during pregnancy has shown that A. prenatal exposure to tobacco is known to cause a higher incidence of cancer in children. B. there's no relationship between the amount of smoking and the birth weight of infants. C. there's an increase risk of stillbirths, premature abruption, and placenta previa. D. the younger a mother is, the more harmful the effects of prenatal nicotine exposure. 12. Cyndi has fluctuating muscles that are sometimes tight and sometimes floppy. Which of the following describes her condition? A. Hypertonia B. Mixed tone C. Spasticity D. Hypotonia 13. Which of the following describes cerebral palsy that affects one side of the body only? A. Diplegia B. Hemiplegia C. Quadriplegia D. Paraplegia 14. Which of the following is the most likely condition related to prenatal exposure to cocaine? A. Toxemia B. Excessive loss of blood during labor C. Diabetes D. Placenta previa 15. Which of the following describes cerebral palsy that primarily affects the lower extremities? A. Hemiplegia B. Quadriplegia C. Diplegia D. Paraplegia 16. Maggie's muscles are flaccid and weak. Which of the following describes her condition? A. Hypertonia B. Hypotonia C. Mixed tone D. Spasticity 17. When an infant is born weighing less than 1500 grams (3 pounds, 5 ounces), he or she is said to be _______ birth weight. A. extremely low B. normal C. very low D. low 18. During labor, several conditions can be categorized as a dysfunction of labor or delivery. Which of the following is one of these conditions? A. The baby presents head first. B. The fetus is breech or transverse. C. The maternal contractions are painful. D. The baby is born outside of a hospital setting. 19. When Peggy smokes crack during her pregnancy, she and her unborn child experience A. hallucinations. B. liver complications. C. hypertension and reduced oxygen flow. D. diabetes. 20. Generalized seizures are those that A. involve activation of both cerebral hemispheres. B. commence from one portion of one cerebral hemisphere. C. always result in a retention of consciousness. D. don't cause a loss of consciousness. 21. A preschool child who is always on the go, in constant motion, always fidgeting, talking or making noise would be showing signs of A. excellent self-control. B. extended attention. C. hyperactivity. D. lethargy. 22. Of the following, the greatest risk of secondary apnea is A. homeostasis. B. bleeding in the brain. C. lung damage. D. muscular atrophy. 23. When a baby's systems are threatened by lack of oxygen, the body makes a decision on which organs are most important and directs blood to these organs and away from other organs. One of these essential organs is the A. large intestine. B. small intestine. C. bladder. D. brain. 24. When a brain fails to consistently stimulate breathing, this condition is called A. neuro-respiratory failure. B. respiratory distress syndrome. C. bronchopulmonary dysplasia. D. apnea. 25. Which of the following is the most likely risk of prenatal exposure to high levels of caffeine? A. Mental giftedness B. Mental retardation C. Low birthweight D. High birthweight 26. Which of the following is a nonprogressive brain injury sustained during early development and affecting muscle tone and movement? A. Epilepsy B. Xerosis C. Cerebral palsy D. Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder 27. Which of the following conditions is most closely related to the birth of large babies who have a high risk of hypoglycemia? A. Mothers with malnutrition B. Obese mothers C. Smoking mothers D. Mothers with psychiatric disorders 28. The greatest risk of meconium aspiration syndrome occurs when A. an infant is premature. B. an infant is male. C. the aspiration comes during the first trimester. D. immediate clearing of meconium from mouth and nose doesn't occur. 29. Which of the following would be most likely related to seizures? A. Unusually high intellectual achievement B. Improved concentration and mental processing C. Diminished concentration and mental processing D. Improved vision and hearing prior to onset 30. For preschool children who exhibit problems associated with prenatal exposure to methamphetamine, the treatment that's most likely to be effective is A. conductive therapy. B. peer tutoring. C. behavioral self-control training. D. drug therapy. 31. An X ray is useful for A. detecting foreign bodies and fractures within the body. B. producing a picture of how organs move. C. detecting electrical activity within the brain. D. documenting the path of blood through the circulatory system. 32. Ms. Middleton consumes excessive alcohol during her pregnancy. If Houston, her son, is later born with FAS, he's likely to develop A. abnormal facial features. B. umbilical hernia. C. closed fontanels. D. generalized extensor pattern in muscle tone. 33. For a child to be able to crawl and walk, which of the following reflexes need to emerge? A. Grasp, protective extension, and stepping B. Protective extension, head righting, and equilibrium C. Equilibrium, moro, and grasp D. Head righting, swallow, and parachute 34. Children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are characterized by all of the following except A. hyperactivity. B. extended attention. C. inattention. D. impulsivity. 35. When a mother's antibodies attack the blood of any fetus that had a different blood type (following the initial exposure) the fetus will suffer profound anemia. This condition is known as A. placenta previa. B. Rh sensitization. C. abruptio placenta. D. toxemia of pregnancy. 36. Seizures are caused by A. irregular blood flow resulting from cardiac compression. B. a lack of oxygen to involuntary muscles. C. metabolic interference between minerals and vitamins. D. an imbalance between neurons that are excited and those that are inhibited. 37. An absence seizure is characterized by A. sudden, brief, shock-like muscle contractions. B. sudden interruption of ongoing activity and the assumption of a blank stare. C. rigid muscular contraction followed by the appearance of clonic activity. D. repetitive movements such as lip smacking, rocking, or chewing. 38. Which of the following reflexes should you expect to be integrated by 6 months of age? A. Head righting reflex B. Babinski reflex and grasp reflex C. Protective extension reflex and equilibrium reflex D. Parachute reflex 39. Which of the following is a condition of recurrent seizures? A. Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder End of exam B. Epilepsy C. Cerebral palsy D. Traumatic Head Injury 40. When infants experience hypoxia or ischemia during labor or delivery, the greatest risk is to the _______ system. A. cardiac B. neurological C. respiratory D. rena  |
