QUESTION 1 Gregor Mendel is known as the father of genetics. He focused on the inheritance of characteristics, and discovered that each characteristic has two aspects: a genetic blueprint and an observable characteristic. These aspects are named __________. A. genotype and cytosine B. genotype and phenotype C. cytosine and phenotype D. cytosine and guanine QUESTION 2 A recessive gene can be described as which of the following? A. A gene that is only found within chromosomal abnormalities B. A gene that is expressed every time it is present C. A gene that is not expressed unless two of them are present: one from each parent D. A gene that controls multiple traits that depend on many factors for their expression QUESTION 3 Which term refers to the development of skills and growth in a predictable way? A. Biological predisposition B. Enrichment C. Scaffolding D. Maturation © 2016 Sophia Learning, LLCIntroduction to Psychology PRACTICE MILESTONE 2 QUESTION 4 Which term describes a condition that a baby is born with that may result from the prenatal environment, or genetic or chromosomal abnormalities? A. Congenital B. Deprivation C. Recessive D. Teratogen QUESTION 5 When a child's environment is purposefully altered to be more stimulating, reassuring, and caring, this is called which of the following? A. Deprivation B. Age-appropriate stimulation C. Enrichment D. Loving support QUESTION 6 Which of the following terms describes the way in which an environment can limit the effects of heredity? A. Nature vs. nurture B. Reaction range C. Genetics D. Personality vs. environment QUESTION 7 Select the true statement about assimilation and accommodation. A. It is easier for an individual to construct schemas through these methods when he/she is younger. B. It is easier for an individual to construct schemas through these methods when he/she is older. C. It is easier for an individual to construct schemas through these methods when he/she possesses solidified knowledge. D. It is easier for an individual to construct schemas through accommodation than through assimilation. © 2016 Sophia Learning, LLCIntroduction to Psychology PRACTICE MILESTONE 2 QUESTION 8 At the earliest stage of cognitive development, an infant is unable to understand that objects continue to exist when they can't be seen. This is called which of the following? A. Assimilation B. Egocentric thought C. Conservation D. Object permanence QUESTION 9 At which stage does a person reach full cognitive development? A. Concrete operational stage B. Preoperational stage C. Formal operational stage D. Sensorimotor stage QUESTION 10 Quantell thinks there is a shorter route from the grocery store to his home. While he has never taken this route, he uses his knowledge of the area to determine the way to go. Quantell's mental representation of the area near his home is which of the following? A. A cognitive map B. A latent map C. A rote map D. A discovery map © 2016 Sophia Learning, LLCIntroduction to Psychology PRACTICE MILESTONE 2 QUESTION 11 Devon watches his dad as he mows the lawn. Devon then takes his bubble mower and pushes it around while making lawnmower sounds. Devon's dad is a(n) __________ for Devon's behavior. A. imitation B. model C. replica QUESTION 12 Ted and his father like to go out to eat every Saturday morning. They talk about Ted's school progress during the past week, and what they are going to do on the weekend. The total effect that fathers have on their children is called __________. A. maternal influence B. dad time C. mom time D. paternal influence QUESTION 13 A parent who sets no limits or guidelines for a child, and is emotionally distant and dismissive, uses which parental style? A. Authoritarian parenting B. Authoritative parenting C. Negligent/neglectful parenting D. Overly permissive parenting QUESTION 14 Children who don't show affection for parents or caregivers when being held or played with exhibit which attachment style? A. Secure attachment B. Insecure-avoidant attachment C. Insecure-ambivalent attachment © 2016 Sophia Learning, LLCIntroduction to Psychology PRACTICE MILESTONE 2 QUESTION 15 Sophie is nine months old and smiles at her parents when they enter the room. Sophie's smile is which of the following? A. Happy smile B. Temporary smile C. Social smile D. Cued smile QUESTION 16 When someone helps a learner by demonstrating and adjusting a task to make it more manageable for the learner to perform, it is called __________. A. transformation B. the zone of proximal development C. object permanence D. scaffolding QUESTION 17 Erik Erikson is a psychologist who is associated with which theory of development? A. Psychosexual development B. Psychosocial development C. Sociocultural development D. Language development QUESTION 18 Which of Erikson's stages of development is characterized by interest in contributing to the community and guiding the next generation? A. Generativity vs. stagnation B. Integrity vs. despair C. Intimacy vs. isolation D. Identity vs. role confusion © 2016 Sophia Learning, LLCIntroduction to Psychology PRACTICE MILESTONE 2 QUESTION 19 Gigi believes that it is important to please others, and to do things that will enable her to be accepted. When she learned that someone had stolen the answers to a history test, Gigi didn't want to inform on her friends who studied the answers. Gigi is likely in which of Kohlberg's levels of moral development? A. Preconventional moral reasoning B. Postconventional moral reasoning C. Conventional moral reasoning
